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The term "proxy" is a reference to the fact that a proxy or proxy server is an application which serves as an intermediary between client and server over the internet. Without the need for proxy servers, a user could submit a request for the server directly and the server will provide direct access to that resource. Although this method is easy to understand and implement with proxies, it can provide advantages in terms of enhanced performance, privacy, security, and more. In addition, a passing through, proxies serve as a security guardian of the internet, separating clients from servers.




In general, the combined mixture of the server's hardware and proxy software is generally called proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers that are typically described as software as when referring to web servers. The article will offer details of the two types: namely a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind has its own unique usage situation, and is frequently confused due to the similar namesake convention.




This article will give you the basics of what subtypes and proxies can do and how they can perform in the most typical configurations. After having read this article, you'll be able identify instances where the use of proxy servers is advantageous and select the best choice between forward and reverse proxy for any particular scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy also referred to by the name of the open proxy is an agent used by the user seeking to make an online request to a server. In this instance, the entire effort to send requests initiated by the client will instead be sent through an forward proxy. Forward proxy acting in place of the client will scrutinize the request. It will first determine if the client is authorized to submit requests through this specific forward proxy. It will then reject requests or redirect it to the server that originally made the request. The client does not have an internet connection directly. It can access only what the forward proxy permits it to access.




The most common reason for using forward proxy is the need for greater privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy links to the internet instead of the client. In this way, it is using an IP address that is distinct from the original IP address that the user is using.




Based on how it has been configured, the forward proxy will provide a variety of functions depending upon the way it's configured, which permits you to:




Beware of ads-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions that are based on your location.




Forward proxies can also be employed in systems that offer security centrally and access based on user permissions like in workplaces. If all traffic on the internet flows via an open forward proxy the administrator is able to restrict access to only certain clients to the internet. This is filtered by the common firewall. Instead of creating firewalls for this layer of clients that could include multiple machines that have different settings and users the firewall can be set up at the layer that forwards proxy traffic.




Be aware that forward proxy servers require manual configuration to be used, while reverse proxies may be ignored in the eyes of the user. Based on the type of the IP address that a user is transmitted to the server that originated it through the forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or hidden.




There are many possibilities to consider when it comes to forward proxy options:




Apache is an well-known open-source web server that provides forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another well-known open source web server that comes with forward proxy features.


Squid is a forward-proxy open source that utilizes an HTTP protocol. It doesn't come with the complete Web server. There is a video tutorial on how to use Squid proxy to permit private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it better to handle situations like peer-to-peer communication. You can also discover how to configure Dante proxy to permit private connections to Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is acting as an agent on behalf of a server on the internet that handles incoming requests from clients for. The web server can consist of a single server or a number of servers. It may also act in the role of an application server, for instance Gunicorn. In any case the request will be made via the internet in general. In most cases, the request will be sent directly to the server that hosts the resources that the user is looking for. A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary, detaching the webserver from direct interaction with the internet's open.




From the viewpoint of a user the experience of using reverse proxy is not different from interacting with the webserver in direct contact. It's basically the same however the client can't be able to discern the difference. A client submits an inquiry for an item and gets it, with no further configuration required for the customer.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




Centralized security on webservers.


Direction of the traffic that is entering is based on rules you set up.


The caching functionality is now available to users.




While central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers. However, reverse proxy services provide this benefit to only the server layer, not the layer of clients. Instead of having to maintain firewalls at the web servers layer, which could contain several servers that have different configurations, the bulk of firewall security is concentrated at the layer of reverse proxy. Additionally, removing the burden of interfacing with firewalls as well as responding to requests from clients who do not have web servers allows them to focus on meeting the requirements of their customers.




In the event that there's a multitude of servers operating as a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy is accountable for directing which requests are directed to which servers. There could be multiple web servers offering the identical service, however each having different resources or a combination of both. They may use an HTTP protocol to operate as a normal web server, but they may also be equipped with application server protocols like FastCGI. There is the possibility to set up a reverse proxy to redirect users to specific servers based on the request for resource, or to adhere to certain rules regarding the amount of traffic.




Reverse proxies also benefit from their positioning over web servers, by providing the ability to cache information. The large static files can be set up by using caching rules in order to prevent the web server from being hit with each request. Some solutions allowing the delivery of static files without needing to connect to the website server at all. Furthermore reverse proxy can be used to compress these assets.




The popular Nginx web server also functions as a well-known reverse proxy option. Even though Apache is also a reverse proxy solution, it is not a reverse proxy solution. Apache web server comes with reverse proxy capabilities as an extra option for Apache and Nginx was initially designed for and is focused on the reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward and Reverse Proxy Use Examples



Since "forward" as well as "reverse" are often associated with an impression of directionality, and false comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic and can be confusing since both types of proxy servers handle requests and responses. The best way to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy is to look at the specifications of the application you're developing.




A reverse proxy can be helpful in the design of a solution to provide web-based applications on the internet. They are your web servers whenever you use the internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when it is placed in front of customers to use for personal purposes, or even in a working environment. They represent your client's traffic when you interact with the internet.




The use of case-based differentiation instead of using commonly used naming conventions can assist in eliminating confusion.



Conclusion



This article clarified the meaning of a proxy using two main types of proxy: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Examples of practical use and a discussion of the most useful features were utilized to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy. If you're interested to learn more about the benefits in proxy server, you can read our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as an internet proxy and reverse proxy to Apache in an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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