Rt of MDROs was imported into the ICU. This underscores the

Rt of MDROs was imported into the ICU. This underscores the importance of our MDRO Prevention program: surveillance cultures, special attention to hand hygiene and washing with 2 chlorhexidine cloths. Table 9 (Abstract P076). Outcome.MDRO+ Ventilator time VAP Sepsis LOS ICU 8 (1-33) 5 (22) 10 (44) 10 (3-54) MDRO3 (0-43) 20 (7) 46 (16) 5 (2-64) P 0.001 0.012 0.01 0.P077 Epidemiology and risk factors of ICU acquired infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram negative bacilli Y. Boussarsar, F. Boutouta, S. Kamoun, I. Mezghani, S. Koubaji, A. Ben Souissi, A. Riahi, M. S. Mebazaa Mongi Slim University Hospital, La Marsa, Tunisia Critical Care 2016, 20(Suppl 2):P077 Introduction: Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Bacteria are a worldwide threat especially for intensive care unit's patients (ICU). In Gram Negative Bacilli, the emergence and spread of Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing bacteria (CPB) is one of the common causes of morbidity and mortality associated with ICU-acquired infections (ICU AI). The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology and risk factors for ESBL and CPB infections as well as the resistance patterns of these bacteria isolated in a Tunisian multidisciplinary intensive care unit. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, case-control study including all patients admitted between January PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12711626 and October 2015. ICU AI were defined as those acquired no less than 48 h after ICU admission. We did not include patients with no bacteriological evidence of infection. Differences in ICU mortality, length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) were tested across patients with and without ICU acquired MDR bacteria infections. We also assessed infected sites, most frequent bacteria for each group (ESBL and CPB), and looked for risk factors. Results: In the study period, 184 patients were admitted to the ICU, 67 (34,41 ) had ICU AI. From these 67 patients, 35 had an ESBL infection in 53 isolates, and 21 patients were infected with CPB isolated from 30 cultures. Global mortality in the study period was 44,59 , the mortality associated to MDR infection was 51,16 . In fact, mortality of ESBL infections was not so higher than the global one (48,57 ) whereas CPB infection ROCK-IN-2 weighed down mortality to reach 71,43 . In the same way, length of stay was significantly longer in MDR infected patients (18,37 days ?11.6 STD) than non-MDR infected PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8627573 ones (8,66 ?4.60 STD, p < 0,001). MV duration was respectively 15,85 days (?2,51 STD) in MDR group and 6,62 days (?,10 STD, p < 0,001) in the non-MDR infected group. Length of stay and duration of MV were found to be risk factors for acquiring MDR infection in ICU. Ventilator associated pneumonia was the most frequent acquired infection as well in non MDR infected patients as in both ESBL and CPB. Acinetobacter Baumannii was the leading isolate from CPB infection (60 ) followed by Klebsiella Pneumoniae (27 ). Concerning bacilli producing ESBL, Klebsiella Pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated (54,72 ) followed by Escherichia Coli and Enterobacter Cloacae (15,09 each). Conclusions: The prevalence of ESBL and CPB is increasing day by day in nearly every center of different countries and is responsible for large number of hospital-acquired and nosocomial infections, with very few, if any, therapeutic options. Necessary steps to prevent the spread and emergence of resistance should be taken. P078 Improving outcomes of severe infections by multidrug-r.